I’m going to talk about steps that the US government takes to encourage good defensive cybersecutity practices. In all the discussions about cybersecurity, one of the key things you are going to know is the asymmetry between the adversaries and those who they attack. Adversaries can move around quickly and…

I’m going to show you how the web stack works. Starting When you press the key “h” the browser receives the event and the auto-complete functions kick in. Depending on your browser’s algorithm and if you are in private/incognito mode or not various suggestions will be presented to you in the…

The internet of things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects — “things”- or objects — that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet. Smart toasters, connected rectal thermometers, and fitness collars for…

Why we use libraries? As a programmer, you may find yourself using the same function or functions repeatedly. In this case, it is best to put this function or functions in a library to speed up the compilation of the program. C libraries store files in object code; during the linking phase of the…

And what happend when you type <ls -l> on your bash prompt. — The first thing to know is that a Unix Shell is a command language interpreter (command execution program). The primary purpose of which is to translate command lines typed at a terminal into system actions. The shell itself is a program through which other programs are invoked. This program was…

Befor we start to talk about Static Libraries we need to know what is a library on C language. A library in C is a collection of header files, exposed for use by other programs. The library therefore consists of an interface expressed in a (.h) file (named the "header")…

Gcc is the GNU Compiler Collection which is a compiler system. It is used in many different languages including C, C++, Java, Objective C and many others. main.c is the file name that we want to compile that has the C extension. But what exactly does that mean? Three main…

What is the difference between a hard link and a symbolic link? There are two types of links in UNIX system, hard link and soft links, also known as symbolic link or symlink. Though both points to some other source, there are a lot of difference between them. Hard link is direct pointer to the inode of the original file. If you…

ls command is a basic command in Linux used to list files and directories. This command comes with so many features like you can sort files and directories by Date, by Size, able to check hidden files and directories, permissions, inode information and so on. To know how it works…